Hi, I want to understand how oracle(11g) stores passwords in files. 1)Password files authentication(SYS auth). How credentials are ency/hashed in files? How it works internally. 2)Oracle wallet (it uses 3DES I guess) . For autologin how it secures the password? where it stores the keys etc. Looks like it's just files permissions based security but want to understand internals. Any pointers? for DB user authetication it uses salted hash which is fine. Thanks Deepak